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[1]Samuelsson E, Ladfors L, Lindblom BG, et al. A prospective observational study on tears during vaginal delivery: occurrences and risk factors. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2002 Jan;81(1):44-9.
[2]³Ì¹ðƽ, µËÀö¾ê, ÕŽú, µÈ. ²»Í¬Äê´úÐÂÉú¶ù³öÉúÌåÖØ·ÖÎö. Öйú¹«¹²ÎÀÉú. 2008,24(5):599.
[3](1, 2, 3) Ian D. Graham, Guillermo Carroli, Christine Davies, et al. Episiotomy Rates Around the World:An Update. BIRTH 2005,32(3):219-223.
[4]²ÜÔóÒã Ö÷±à. Öлª¸¾²ú¿Æѧ(µÚ¶þ°æ). ±±¾©ÈËÃñÎÀÉú³ö°æÉç,2004:272.
[5]World Health Organization. Managing Complications in Pregnancy and Childbirth. Section 3¡ªProcedures. 2000.
[6]World Health Organization. Care during the second stage of labour. In: Care in Normal Birth: A Practical Guide.1996.
[7]Koskas, M ; Caillod, AL ; Fauconnier, A, et al. Maternal and neonatal consequences induced by the French recommendations for episiotomy practice. Monocentric study about 5409 vaginal deliveries. GYNECOLOGIE OBSTETRIQUE & FERTILITE. 2009,37 (9) :697-702.
[8]Frankman EA, Wang L, Bunker CH, et al. Episiotomy in the United States: has anything changed? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY. 2009,200(5).
[9]Practice Guidelines Issued for Use of Episiotomy
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