ÑëÊÓÍø|ÖйúÍøÂçµçÊǪ́|ÍøÕ¾µØͼ
¿Í·þÉèΪÊ×Ò³
怬


¸ü¶à ¾«²ÊÊÓƵÅÅÐÐ



¸ü¶à ̽Ë÷µØͼ

ÍøÓÑÆÀ·Ö×î¸ß



Êײ¥

Öز¥

¡¡¡¡

¡¡¡¡·¹×ÀÉÏ£¬µ±ÄãÄÃÆð¿ê×Ó£¬×ó±ß¾Í×øµÄÃÀÅ®·¢³öÁ˾ªºô£¬¡°ÄãÊÇ×óÀûÊÖѽ£¿¡±ÓïÆøÖдø×ŵãÓÐÒâÍâºÍÏÛĽ£¬ÒòΪ¡°×óÀûÊÖ¸ü´ÏÃ÷¡±µÄÏë·¨Ôç¾ÍÉîÈëÈËÐÄÁË¡£²»¹ý£¬Õâ¸ö˵·¨ÓжàÉÙ¿ÆѧÉϵÄÒÀ¾ÝÄØ£¿

¡¡¡¡¹ØÓÚÖÇÉ̺Í×óÓÒÀûÊÖÖ®¼äµÄ¹ØϵÔçÔÚ70¶àÄêÒÔÇ°¾Í¿ªÊ¼ÁË¡£1933Ä꣬°Í¿ËÄÚ¶û´óѧµÄÐÄÀíѧ¼ÒÈÃ339ÃûÐÂÈëѧµÄÄÐѧÉú½ÓÊÜÖÇÉ̲âÊÔ£¬Ëæºó£¬ÕâЩѧÉúÓÖ½ÓÊÜÁË×óÓÒÁ½Ö»ÊÖµÄÁ¦Á¿²âÊÔ¡£Ñо¿½á¹ûÏÔʾ£¬ÕâЩ´óѧÐÂÉúµÄÖÇÉÌ£¬²»½öºÍ×óÓÒÊÖµÄÁ¦Á¿´óСûÓйØϵ£¬ºÍÁ½ÊÖÁ¦Á¿µÄ±ÈÀýҲûÓйØϵ¡£[1]

¡¡¡¡ÈýÊ®¶àÄêºó£¬Ò»Ð©Éñ¾­¿ÆµÄ´ó·òΪÁË»º½âñ²ðﲡÈ˵ÄÖ¢×´£¬ÊÔןî¶ÏÁËËûÃÇÁ½¸ö´óÄÔ°ëÇòÖ®¼äµÄÁªÏµ¡£ÕâЩ×öÁËÊÖÊõµÄ²¡ÈËÓиöͨË×ÐÎÏóµÄ³Æºô£ºÁÑÄÔÈË¡£¼ÓÖÝÀí¹¤Ñ§ÔºµÄÉñ¾­ÉúÎïѧ¼ÒRoger W Sperry¶ÔÁÑÄÔÈ˺ܸÐÐËȤ£¬²¢ÇÒ×öÁËһϵÁÐʵÑé¡£Ëû·¢ÏÖ£¬Á½¸ö´óÄÔ°ëÇòÓи÷×ԵĶÀÁ¢ÐÔ£¬Ò²´æÔÚ²»Í¬µÄ·Ö¹¤¡£Èç¹ûÈÃÒ»¸öÓÒÀûÊÖÁÑÄÔÈ˵Ä×óÊÖÎÕסһ¿éÎïÌ壬Ëû»á·ñÈÏ×Ô¼ºÎÕ×Ŷ«Î÷¡£ÒòΪ¾ø´ó¶àÊýÈ˵ÄÓïÑÔÖÐÊàλÓÚ×ó°ëÇò£¬¶ø´óÄÔÓÒ°ëÇò¸ÐÖªµÄÐÅÏ¢²»ÄÜ´«´ïµ½´óÄÔ×ó°ëÇò¡£Õâ¸ö·¢ÏÖÈÿÆѧ¼Ò¿ªÊ¼¸ü¼Ó¹Ø×¢×óÓÒÀûÊÖÓ°Ïì´óÄԵĸ÷ÖÖ¿ÉÄÜ¡£

¡¡¡¡´ËºóµÄÊýÊ®ÄêÀ´óÁ¿µÄÑо¿½á¹û³öÏÖÁË¡£²»¹ý£¬µ½Ä¿Ç°ÎªÖ¹£¬¿Æѧ½çҲûÓÐÐγÉͳһµÄ½áÂÛ¡£ÓÐЩʱºò£¬Ò»ÏîÑо¿·¢ÏÖ×óÀûÊÖ»òÊÇÓÒÀûÊÖµÄijÏîÄÜÁ¦Õ¼ÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄÓÅÊÆ£¬ÆäËüÏàËƵÄÑо¿È´Ìá³öÁË·´ÃæµÄÖ¤¾Ý¡£²»¹ý£¬´æÔÚÕùÒé±¾ÉíÒ²ÄÜ˵Ã÷Ò»¶¨µÄÎÊÌ⣬¼´Ê¹×óÀûÊÖ¸ü´ÏÃ÷һЩ£¬×óÓÒÀûÊÖÖ®¼äµÄÖÇÉ̲î¾àÒ²¿Ï¶¨ºÜС£¬·ñÔòÒ²Óò»×ÅÑо¿ÊýÊ®Ä껹ûÓÐͳһµÄ½áÂÛÁË¡£

¿Æѧ½çµÄÕùÂÛ²»ÐÝ

¡¡¡¡1969Ä꣬¼ÓÖÝÀí¹¤Ñ§ÔºÉúÎïϵµÄJeffry LevyÔÚ¡¶×ÔÈ»¡·ÔÓÖ¾ÉÏ·¢±íÁËһƪÎÄÕ¡£ËûÓÃΤ¿Ë˹ÀÕ³ÉÈËÖÇÁ¦Á¿±í£¨Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, WAIS,ÓÖ½ÐΤÊÏÖÇÁ¦²âÑ飩²âÁ¿ÁË25Ãû¼ÓÖÝÀí¹¤Ñ§ÔºÀí¿ÆÑо¿ÉúµÄÖÇÁ¦¡£ÔÚÕâ25ÃûѧÉúÖУ¬10¸öÈË×óÀûÊÖ£¬ÁíÍâ15ÈËÊÇÓÒÀûÊÖ¡£Levy·¢ÏÖ£¬×óÀûÊÖºÍÓÒÀûÊÖµÄÓïÑÔÖÇÉÌ£¨Verbal Intelligence£©»ù±¾Ã»ÓÐʲô²î±ð£¬µ«ÊÇ×óÀûÊÖµÄÊÓ¿Õ¼äÖÇÉÌ£¨visuo-spatial intelligence£©Æ½¾ùÖ»ÓÐ117£¬Ã÷ÏÔ±ÈÓÒÀûÊÖµÄƽ¾ù²Ù×÷ÖÇÉÌ130ÒªµÍ¡£ÊÓ¿Õ¼äÖÇÉÌ¿ÉÒÔºâÁ¿Ò»¸öÈ˶ÔÓÚ¿Õ¼äºÍ¾àÀëµÄÈÏÖªÄÜÁ¦£¬ÊÇÒ»ÏîºÜÖØÒªµÄÖÇÉÌÖ¸±ê¡£[2]

¡¡¡¡1973Ä꣬½£ÇÅ´óѧÒÅ´«ÏµµÄ½ÌÊÚJ.B.GibsonͬÑùÔÚ¡¶×ÔÈ»¡·ÔÓÖ¾ÉÏ»ØÓ¦ÁËJerry LevyµÄÎÄÕ£¬±íʾ²»ÄÜÔÞͬLevyµÄͳ¼Æ·½·¨¡£GibsonÈÏΪ£¬LevyµÄÑо¿Ñù±¾Á¿Ì«Ð¡£¬¶øÇÒÊܲâ¶ÔÏó¶¼ÊÇͬһ¸öѧУµÄÀí¿ÆÑо¿Éú£¬À´Ô´¹ýÓÚµ¥Ò»¡£GibsonÔÚ»ØÓ¦ÎÄÕÂÀï¸ø³öÁË×Ô¼ºµÄÊý¾Ý¡£ËûµÄ²âÊÔ¶ÔÏóÊÇ145λ¿Æѧ¼Ò¡£13Ãû×óÀûÊÖµÄƽ¾ùÊÓ¿Õ¼äÖÇÉÌÊÇ120.4£¬¶øʣϵÄ132λÓÒÀûÊֵIJÙ×÷ÖÇÉÌÊÇ120.7¡£Òò´Ë£¬GibsonÈÏΪ×Ô¼ºµÃµ½µÄÊý¾Ý²»Ö§³ÖÓÒÀûÊÖ¸ü´ÏÃ÷µÄ¹Ûµã¡£´ËÍ⣬Ëû»¹Ç¿µ÷£¬×Ô¼ºµÄÑо¿Ñù±¾Í¬Ñùµ¥Ò»£¬¶øÇÒ×óÀûÊÖµÄÈËÊýҲ̫ÉÙÁË£¬ËùÒÔ½ö¿¿ÕâЩÊý¾Ý²»ÄܵóöÈκοɿ¿µÄ½áÂÛ¡£[3]

¡¡¡¡1974Ä꣬²¼À­µÂ¸£µÂ´óѧÐÄÀíϵµÄL.D.RobertsÔÚ¡¶×ÔÈ»¡·É϶Ô֮ǰµÄÁ½ÆªÎÄÕÂͬʱ×ö³öÁË»ØÓ¦¡£ËûÈÏΪӦ¸Ã²ÉÓÃÒ»ÖÖ¸ü¼ÓºÏÀíµÄ²âÊÔÖÇÉ̵ķ½·¨¡£ËûÓÃÕâÖÖ·½·¨±È½ÏÁË10¸ö×óÀûÊÖºÍ10¸öÓÒÀûÊÖµÄÖÇÁ¦£¬·¢ÏÖ×óÀûÊÖºÍÓÒÀûÊÖÔÚËùÓеÄÖÇÉÌÖ¸±êÉÏ (Full verbal, performance, verbal comprehension, perceptual organisation) ¶¼Ã»ÓÐÏÔÖøÇø±ð¡£[4]

¡¡¡¡ÀàËƵÄÕùÒ黹³öÏÖÔÚһЩ¶ÔרҵÈËȺµÄÑо¿ÖС£1982Ä꣬һÏîÕë¶Ô´óѧÊýѧ½ÌʦµÄÑо¿·¢ÏÖ£¬ÄÇЩϲ»¶ÓÃ×óÊÖµÄÈË£¬ËƺõÔÚÓ¦¸¶ÊýѧÎÊÌâÉϸüÓÐÌ츳¡£[5]½ÌÓýÐÄÀíѧ¼ÒCamilla BenbowÓÚ1986ÄêºÍ1988ÄêÁ½¶È·¢±íÂÛÎıíÊöÁËÀàËƵĹ۵ã[6][7]¡£²»¹ý¸üÍíһЩµÄÑо¿ÍêÈ«·ñ¶¨ÁË֮ǰµÄÂÛÎÄ£¬ÈÏΪÊýѧÌ츳ºÍ×óÓÒÊÖµÄÆ«ºÃûÓйØϵ¡£[8]

¡¡¡¡»¹ÓÐЩÑо¿ÉõÖÁ·¢ÏÖ×óÀûÊÖ¿ÉÄܱÈÓÒÀûÊÖ±¿Ò»µã¡£ÔÚ1998ÄêµÄÒ»ÏîÑо¿ÖУ¬Ñо¿ÈËÔ±ÈÃ657Ãû8ÖÁ14ËêµÄÖ¾Ô¸Õß½ÓÊÜÖÇÁ¦²âÑ飬Ȼºó°ÑËûÃÇ·Ö³ÉÌì²ÅºÍ·ÇÌì²Å£¨gifted and non-gifted£©Á½×é¡£½á¹û±íÃ÷£¬ËäÈ»×óÀûÊÖºÍÓÒÀûÊÖµÄ×ÜÌåµÃ·Ö»ù±¾Ïàͬ£¬µ«ÊÇÌì²Å×éÖÐÓÒÀûÊֵıÈÀý±È·ÇÌì²Å×éÖеıÈÀýÒª¸ßһЩ[9]¡£Ò»Ð©Ñ§ÕßÈÏΪ£¬×óÀûÊÖµÄÐγÉÊÇÌ¥¶ù·¢ÓýºÍ³öÉú¹ý³ÌÖдóÄÔµÄһЩËðÉ˵¼ÖµÄ[10]¡£ÕâÑùµÄËðÉËÓпÉÄÜÈÃ×óÀûÊÖ²úÉúһЩÓÅÊÆ£¬Ò²ÓпÉÄܵ¼ÖÂһЩÈõÊÆ¡£

¡¡¡¡¼øÓÚ×óÓÒÀûÊÖºÍÖÇÉ̵ĹØϵºÜÄÑÀåÇ壬һЩ¿Æѧ¼ÒÁí±Ùõ辶¡£ËûÃǸü¹Ø×¢×óÓÒÊÖÊìÁ·³Ì¶ÈµÄ±ÈÀý£¬¶ø²»ÊÇ×óÓÒÊÖÖеÄÄĸö¸ü¼ÓÊìÁ·¡£²»¹ýÔÚÕâÑùµÄ½Ç¶ÈÏ£¬²»Í¬µÄÑо¿ÈÔÈ»³öÏÖÁËÒ»¶¨³Ì¶ÈÉϵÄì¶Ü¡£ºÜ¶à±È½ÏÔçµÄÑо¿ÏÔʾ£¬ÄÇЩ×óÓÒÊֱȽÏƽ¾ùµÄÈËÏà¶ÔÓÚ´¿´âµÄ×óÀûÊÖºÍÓÒÀûÊÖ¶øÑÔ£¬±È½Ï´ÏÃ÷[11]¡£Ö®ºóµÄÑо¿Ôò³öÏÖÁËÏà·´µÄ½á¹û¡£2006Ä꣬PetersµÈÈËͨ¹ý»¥ÁªÍøÊÕ¼¯ÁË25,5100¸öʵÑé¶ÔÏóµÄ×ÊÁÏ¡£²Î¼ÓʵÑéµÄÖ¾Ô¸ÕßÓÐ5ÖÖÀàÐÍ£º×óÊÖ£¬»ù±¾ÓÃ×óÊÖ£¬Á½Ö»ÊÖ¶¼ÄÜÓ㬻ù±¾ÓÃÓÒÊÖ£¬ÓÒÊÖ¡£½á¹û·¢ÏÖ£¬ÄÇЩÁ½Ö»ÊÖ¶¼¿ÉÒÔÓõÄʵÑé¶ÔÏóµÄ¿Õ¼äÈÏÖªÄÜÁ¦×îµÍ£¬¶ø³öÏÖÔĶÁÕÏ°­µÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ×î¸ß[12]¡£

¡¡¡¡±È½Ï¿É¿¿µÄÑо¿³öÏÖÔÚ2010Ä꣬°Ä´óÀûÑÇ¡¢Ó¢¹úºÍÐÂÎ÷À¼3¹úµÄ¿Æѧ¼Òͨ¹ý´óÄÔÑо¿ºÍÕûºÏÉúÎïѧÍøÂçÊý¾Ý¿â£¨brain research and integrative neuroscience network£©»ñµÃÁË895¸öÑù±¾¡£ËûÃÇ·¢ÏÖ£¬ÄÇЩ²»×¨Ò»µÄÓÒÊÖʹÓÃÕßµÄÒ»°ãÈÏÖªÄÜÁ¦£¨General cognitive ability, GCA£©±ÈרһµÄ×óÀûÊÖºÍÓÒÀûÊÖ¶¼ÒªÇ¿Ò»Ð©¡£¶ø×óÀûÊÖºÍÓÒÀûÊÖµÄÒ»°ãÈÏÖªÄÜÁ¦ÔòûÓкܴóµÄ²»Í¬¡£

ÆÓËصÄ×óÀûÊÖÓëÖÇÉÌÍÆÂÛ

¡¡¡¡Èç¹û˵¿Æѧ½çµÄÑо¿ËäÈ»´æÔÚÕùÒ飬µ«ÖÁÉÙÓÐÀíÓоݵĻ°£¬Ãñ¼ä¶ÔÓÚ×óÀûÊÖºÍÖÇÉÌÍÆÂÛµÄÀíÓɾÍÏÔµÃǧÆæ°Ù¹ÖÁË¡£Ò»ÖÖÏ൱³£¼ûµÄ˵Ã÷·½·¨ÊǾٳöºÜ¶à×óÀûÊÖÌì²Å×÷ΪÀýÖ¤¡£¿ÉÊǾÙÀý×Ó²¢·ÇÖ¤Ã÷µÄ·½Ê½£¬Ò»¸öÈËͬÑù¿ÉÒÔ¾Ù³öÎÞÊýÓÒÀûÊÖÌì²ÅµÄÀý×Ó¡£¸üºÎ¿öºÜ¶à×óÀûÊÖÌì²ÅµÄ°¸ÀýÊDZàÔì³öÀ´µÄ¡£ÀýÈ磬ÍøÉÏÉù³Æ°®Òò˹̹ÊÇ×óÀûÊÖµÄÎÄÕ¶àÈçţ룬¿ÉÊǼ¸ºõËùÓÐÄÜÏÔʾ³ö°®Òò˹̹¹ßÓÃÊÖµÄÕÕƬ¶¼±íÃ÷£¬°®Òò˹̹ÊÇÒ»¸öÓÒÀûÊÖ¡£ÈÏΪ×óÀûÊÖ¸ü´ÏÃ÷µÄÈË»¹Ï²»¶ÓÃÃÀ¹úµÄ×ÜͳÃÇ×öÀý×Ó£¬ÒòΪ¶þÕ½ÒÔºóµÄ13λÃÀ¹ú×ÜͳÖУ¬ÓÐ6λÊÇ×óÀûÊÖ¡£²»¹ýÕâÑùµÄÀíÓÉҲȱ·¦Í³¼ÆµÄ»ù´¡£¬ÒòΪ¡°ÃÀ¹ú×Üͳ¡±ÊÇÒ»¸ö·Ç³£ÏÁÕ­µÄ·¶Î§¡£ÔÚÊÀ½çÉϵÄ200¶à¸ö¹ú¼ÒÖеÄÈκÎÒ»¸ö×ö×Üͳ¶¼²»ÊǼþÈÝÒ×µÄÊ£¬ÊDz»ÊÇËùÓеĹú¼ÒµÄÁìµ¼È˶¼ÊÇ×óÀûÊÖ¾Ó¶àÄØ£¿Èç¹û´ó¶àÊý¹ú¼ÒµÄÁìµ¼ÈËÖÐ×óÀûÊÖ¶¼²»Õ¼¸ßÓÚ³£È˵ıÈÀý£¬ÄÇôÌô³ö¼¸¸öÌرðµÄÀý×Ó£¨±ÈÈçÃÀ¹ú£©²¢²»ÄÜ˵Ã÷ºÜ¶àÎÊÌâ¡£ÔÚÖйú½üÏÖ´úÊ·ÀïµÄÊ®¼¸¸ö¹ú¼ÒÁìµ¼ÈËÖоÍûÓÐ×óÀûÊÖ¡£

×î½üѹÁ¦ºÜ´óµÄ°®Òò˹̹´ó´óÃ÷Ã÷Êdz£ÓÃÓÒÊÖÂ

¡¡¡¡½áÂÛ£º ×óÀûÊÖºÍÓÒÀûÊÖÔÚÈÏÖªÄÜÁ¦ÉÏÊÇ·ñ´æÔÚ²îÒ죬ÊÇÒ»¸öÈÔÓÐÕùÒéµÄÎÊÌâ¡£²»¹ý¼´Ê¹´æÔÚÕâÖÖ²î¾à£¬Ò²²»»áºÜ´ó¡£¶øÇÒÕâÖ»ÊÇ´Óͳ¼ÆµÄ½Ç¶È¶øÑÔ£¬¶ÔÓÚij¸ö¸öÌåÀ´Ëµ£¬ÒâÒå¸üС¡£¸üºÎ¿öÒ»¸öÈËÊÇ·ñÄÜÓä¿ì¶øÓÐÖÊÁ¿µØÉú»î£¬ºÍ±¾È˵ÄÖÇÉÌҲδ±ØÓкܴóµÄÁªÏµ¡£ÎÞÂÛÊÇ×÷Ϊ×óÀûÊÖ¶ø¸Ðµ½×ÔºÀ£¬»òÊÇ×÷ΪÓÒƲ×ÓÀûÊÖ¶ø¶Ô×óÀûÊָе½ÏÛĽ£¬¶¼ÊÇûÓбØÒªµÄ¡£

¡¡¡¡²Î¿¼×ÊÁÏ£º

[1] Harriman P. Intelligence and handedness. The American Journal of Psychology. 1933; 45(3): 526-528.
[2] Levy J. Possible basis for the evolution of lateral specialization of the human brain. Nature. 1969 Nov 8;224(5219):614-5.
[3] Gibson JB. Letter: Intelligence and handedness. Nature. 1973 Jun 22;243(5408):482.
[4] ROBERTS Intelligence and handedness Nature. 1974 Nov 08 252, 180.
[5] Annett M, Kilshaw D. Mathematical ability and lateral asymmetry. Cortex. 1982 Dec;18(4):547-68.
[6] Benbow CP. Physiological correlates of extreme intellectual precocity. Neuropsychologia. 1986;24(5):719-25.
[7] Camilla Persson Benbow Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability in intellectually talented preadolescents: Their nature, effects, and possible causes Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 1988; 11: 169-183
[8] Peters M. Sex, handedness, mathematical ability, and biological causation. Can J Psychol. 1991 Sep;45(3):415-9.
[9] Piro J. Handedness and intelligence: patterns of hand preference in gifted and nongifted children. Developmental Neuropsychology. 1998; 14(4),619-630.
[10] Satz , P. , Orsini , D.L. , Saslow , E. , & Henry , R. The pathological left-handedness syndrome . Brain & Cognition. 1985; 4 , 27¨C 46.
[11] Crow , T.J. , Crow , L.R. , Done , D.J. , & Leask , S. Relative hand skill predicts academic ability: Global defi cits at the point of hemispheric indecision . Neuropsychologia. 1998; 36 , 1275 ¨C 1282 .

ÊÓƵ¼¯>>

ÈÈ´Ê£º

channelId 1 1 ×óÓÒÊÖµÄÄÔÁ¦½ÏÁ¿ 1 ·¹×ÀÉÏ£¬µ±ÄãÄÃÆð¿ê×Ó£¬×ó±ß¾Í×øµÄÃÀÅ®·¢³öÁ˾ªºô£¬¡°ÄãÊÇ×óÀûÊÖѽ£¿¡±ÓïÆøÖдø×ŵãÓÐÒâÍâºÍÏÛĽ£¬ÒòΪ¡°×óÀûÊÖ¸ü´ÏÃ÷¡±µÄÏë·¨Ôç¾ÍÉîÈëÈËÐÄÁË¡£²»¹ý£¬Õâ¸ö˵·¨ÓжàÉÙ¿ÆѧÉϵÄÒÀ¾ÝÄØ£¿